Phosphoric Acid Acidity

Phosphoric acid

Introduction of phosphoric acid acidity:

Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphate, is a common inorganic acid that belongs to the category of moderately strong acids. Its chemical formula is H3PO4 and its molecular weight is 97.994. It can be obtained by dissolving phosphorus pentoxide in hot water.

Material structure of phosphoric acid acidity:

Orthophosphate is a phosphoric acid composed of a single phosphorus oxygen tetrahedron. In phosphoric acid molecules, the P atom is sp3 hybridized, with three hybrid orbitals forming three sigma bonds with the oxygen atom. The other P-O bond is composed of one sigma coordination bond from phosphorus to oxygen and two d-p π bonds from oxygen to phosphorus. The sigma coordination bond is formed by a pair of lone pair electrons on a phosphorus atom coordinating with the empty orbital of an oxygen atom. The d ← p coordination bond is the py of the oxygen atom The dxz of two pairs of lone pair electrons and phosphorus atoms on the pz orbital Dyz is formed by overlapping empty orbits. Due to the fact that the 3d energy level of phosphorus atoms is much higher than the 2p energy level of oxygen atoms, the molecular orbitals formed are not very effective. Therefore, the P-O bond is considered a triple bond in terms of number, but falls between single and double bonds in terms of bond energy and bond length. Hydrogen bonds exist in both pure H3PO4 and its crystal hydrates, which may be the reason why concentrated phosphoric acid solutions are viscous.

Usage of phosphoric acid acidity:

Phosphoric acid is mainly used in pharmaceuticals, food, and the production of chemical fertilizers [1], and can also be used as a chemical reagent. Phosphate is a nutrient for all forms of life.

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