Benzoic Acid

Benzoic acid functions as a preservative and pH adjuster in skin care formulations. It is known to be well tolerated and unlikely to cause sensitisation in amounts commonly used. It should be combined with other preservatives in order to prevent broader contamination, particularly in water-based formulas. Benzoic acid primarily serves to reduce growth of fungi. It is not considered very active against bacteria.

In 2017, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel looked at personal care products using up to 5% benzoic acid and ruled that this ingredient is safe in cosmetic use. When used as a preservative in skin care products, you’ll find benzoic acid in much lower concentrations, usually between 0.2–0.5%. Note: While benzoic acid can be aromatic in nature, it usually isn’t used in high enough potency to deliver a detectable scent in skin care products. Fun fact: Benzoic acid is naturally found in fruits (berries), nuts, spices and vegetables. Rich sources include strawberries, cayenne pepper, mustard, prunes, cinnamon, and cloves. Benzoic acid is also added to food products as a preservative.

Benzoic acid is non-toxic and stable under ordinary conditions. While occupational exposure limits have not been established for this substance, benzoic acid may still pose a health risk and safe work practices should always be followed. These safe use and handling practices include:

Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Use only in a well-ventilated area. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Wash clothing before reuse. Avoid breathing dust. Immediately or shortly after exposure to benzoic acid, the following health effects can occur.

Irritation of the skin, resulting in a rash, redness, and/or a burning feeling. Irritation to the nose, throat and lungs if inhaled, which may cause coughing, wheezing and/or shortness of breath. In addition to these short-term exposure effects, prolonged or repeated exposure to benzoic acid can cause drying and cracking of the skin with redness and itching. Exposure to benzoic acid in high concentrations, particularly in susceptible individuals, may cause a skin allergy. If an allergy develops, even exposure to very low levels can cause itching and a skin rash.

Immediately flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. If wearing contact lenses, be sure to remove them before flushing. Seek medical attention. Quickly remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated skin immediately with large amounts of soap and water. Seek medical attention. Individual should be removed from exposure and immediately moved to an area with fresh air. Seek medical attention immediately.

Benzoic acid should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area in tightly closed containers. It should to be stored away from heat, sources of ignition and incompatible substances such as oxidizing agents (e.g. peroxides) and strong bases (e.g. sodium hydroxide). It may be necessary to contain and dispose of benzoic acid as a hazardous waste. Contact your state or regional Environmental Protection Agency(opens in a new tab) for specific recommendations. For more information on benzoic acid and other hazardous chemicals, browse our extensive library of SDS information.

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